A Novel Image Highly Compression Technique With Spread Parameter

A novel image highly compressed technique has been introduced to reduce the artifacts in compressed JPEG images. In order to reduce the noise, non-linear filtering techniques are often employed than linear filters and don’t degrade the edges. A new metric has been introduced to reduce the artifacts occurred in colored images along the sharp transitions using directional spread parameter. Simulations on compressed images show improvement in artifact reduction by using edge based directional fuzzy filter when compared to the non-linear filters

Introducing Adaptive filters Based on Shadow Concept for Speech Processing

This paper presents the new approach to introducing adaptive Filter with LMS Algorithm based on Shadow concept. Which is useful for the cancellation of the noise component overlap with Speech signal in the same frequency range, but fixed LMS algorithm produces minimum convergence rate and fixed steady state error. So we presents design, implementation and performance  of adaptive FIR filter, based on  Shadow concept, which produces minimum mean square error compare to fixed LMS, and we also obtains denoised Speech signal at output, and also we propose to calculate SNR values of  Adaptive Filter with LMS algorithm with and without Shadow concept

LDA BASED FACE RECOGNITION USING DCT AND HYBRID DWT

In this paper we present a hybrid approach for efficient human face recognition. The proposed method is based on linear discriminant analysis of image in DCT domain with a combination of details of DWT. And the similarity measure Minkowshi is used here. This approach reduces the storage requirement and computation time while preserving the data. The approach LDA -DCT-hybrid DWT is evaluated on Matlab using ORL face database. Compared to previous methods the proposed method improves feature extraction and retrieval rate

INFLUENCE OF CARBON AND NITROGEN SOURCE ON GROWTH, DON AND NIV PRODUCTION BY TWO SPECIES OF FUSARIUM ISOLATED FROM FINGER MILLETS

Objective: Influence of different carbon [C] and nitrogen [N] source on the growth and Deoxynivalenol [DON] and Nivalenol [NIV] production by Fusarium aethiopicum and Fusarium culmorum was investigated.Methods: Seven days old monosporic cultures of F. aethiopicum strain GSKUMB [KJ21085] and F. culmorum strain GSKUMB [KJ190159] were grown in CYA broth and incubated at 27±2°C on the rotary shaker at 120 rpm for 21 days. At the end of incubation period, cultures were harvested for determination of fungal growth (biomass). The resultant culture filtrates were extracted twice with ethyl acetate and concentrated. One ml of final concentrate in methanol was employed for detection of DON and NIV with the help of RP-HPLC.Results: The highest amount of DON and NIV were produced by F. aethiopicum in the presence of D-mannose and D-galactose as C source, while the highest amount of biomass was recorded on maltose and succinic acid. F. culmorum produced maximum amount of toxins in the presence of D-glucose, D-mannitol and D-fructose. Sodium nitrate was most favorable nitrogen source as it induced maximum amount of toxins by F. aethiopicum, while L-methionine, L-asparatic acid and L-tryptophan were next preferred N source. In contrast, highest biomass of fungus was obtained with L-lysine, L-glutamine and L-tyrosine. F. culmorum produced maximum amount of toxin and biomass with potassium nitrate and L-tyrosine respectively.Conclusion: Present species of Fusarium differed varied both in toxins (DON, and NIV) and biomass production. Their response of fungi under investigation towards C and N sources is also varied.Â

FACTORS INFLUENCE ON GROWTH, DON AND NIV PRODUCTION BY TWO SPECIES OF FUSARIUM ISOLATED FROM FINGER MILLETS [ELEUSINE CORACANA L.]

Objective: The present investigations (In vitro) on an influence of different synthetic and food based [flour] media, pH, temperature and microbial nutrients on growth, Deoxynivalenol [DON] and Nivalenol [NIV] production by Fusarium aethiopicum and F. culmorum was carried out.Methods: Fusarium species associated with the finger millets were isolated and identified phenotypically and further confirmed by molecular methods by Polymerase Chain Reaction [PCR]. Monosporic seven day old F. aethiopicum and F. culmorum were grown in CYA broth and incubated at 27±2°C on rotary shaker for 21 days at 120 rpm. At the end of 21 day incubation period, cultures were harvested for determination of fungal biomass. The resultant culture filtrates were extracted twice with ethyl acetate and concentrated to get and final concentration of 1 ml in methanol and employed for RP-HPLC analysis for detection of DON and NIV production.Results: Finger millets flour medium induced the highest amount of mycelial growth, DON and NIV production by F. aethiopicum. However, F. culmorum achieved highest amount of hyphal growth, DON and NIV production under the influence of yeast extract sucrose [YES] medium. Maize flour medium, rice flour medium and sorghum flour medium was next preffered substrates. Optimum pH of 5.5-6.5 and temperature of 20-35°C for growth, DON and NIV production was observed. Both the species of Fusarium failed to grow and produce toxins at pH 2.5-3.5 and temperature of 40°C. Yeast extract was most favorable for maximum DON and NIV production, which increased with an increase in its concentration. On the other hand, malt extract and beef extract induced good growth and mycotoxin production at comparatively higher concentration in both the species of Fusarium under study.Conclusion: Comparatively food based media were the better substrates than synthetic media for both growth and DOIN and NIV production by two species of Fusarium under investigation. A positive correlation coefficient [r] on growth [0.458], DON [0.744] and NIV [0.882] was recorded among the media and both the species of Fusarium

EFFICIENT IMPLEMENTATION OF CHANNEL CODING AND INTERSPERSING IN MIMO-OFDM SYSTEMS

The standards for high speed data communications in wireless LAN and MAN such as Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (Wi MAX) is mainly used by Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). An analysis of the different channel coding and interleaving schemes is presented in this paper which is used in MIMO-OFDM systems. Based on the bit error rate (BER) performance and hardware implementation issues a comparison of these schemes is presented. An examination is done on the effects of four different types of channel coding and interleaving schemes which are being used. The Wi MAX or IEEE 802.16 is used as a reference for imitation, execution, and analysis. The cross-antenna coding and per-antenna interleaving systems perform better under all signals to noise ratio (SNR) conditions for all modulation schemes which is shown from the above coding and interleaving schemes which are studied. The data rates for IEEE 802.16 are doubled for 2x2 MIMO systems without using the transmit diversity using the proposed schemes

Henry reactions catalysed by modified Mg-Al hydrotalcite: an efficient reusable solid base for selective synthesis of β-nitroalkanols

Henry reactions have been performed for the first time with suitably activated Mg-Al hydrotalcite as catalyst in quantitative yields in the liquid phase under mild reaction conditions and with low reaction times. Exclusive synthesis of β-nitroalkanols (3) is realised by the compatible basic Bronsted hydroxy sites of the modified hydrotalcite. Reusability with consistent activity and selectivity for a number of cycles is established indicating that the hydrated hydrotalcite employed here is a potentially eco-friendly catalyst which can replace soluble bases in commercial synthesis

A STUDY ON THE INFLUENCE OF LIME ON FLYASH TREATED MARINE CLAY

ABSTRAC

Efficiency Improvement of Rotary Compressor by Improving the Discharge path through Simulation

To help raise consumer awareness on saving energy and create more energy efficient appliances, the government is upgrading the requirements of star rating of air conditioners. The enhanced star rating in air conditioners will significantly support the energy conservation and protect the environment by reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the fight against climate change. The increasing demand for star rated air-conditioners is compelling the compressor designers to develop & optimize more energy-efficient components. This paper deals with discharge port optimization in a rotary compressor, which is heart of an air-conditioner. The existing discharge port is studied & analyzed for the performance in the aspect of its capacity, EER, mass flow rate, over pressure power, area of PV diagram, motor power, valve functioning & stability. The port is redesigned to obtain improved performance, by analyzing the compressor performance parameters. Analysis is performed to study the stresses on the discharge valve and valve lift. Computational fluid dynamics is used to observe the flow behavior & pressure phenomenon in the rotary compressor, since the compressor shell accumulates the discharge gas pressure. The results are validated with the test and improved EER is observed

Formulation and Evaluation of Tacrolimus Transdermal Gel

The present investigation is concerned with formulation and evaluation of Transdermal gels of Tacrolimus, anti-psoriasis drug, to circumvent the first pass effect and to improve its bioavailability with reduction in dosing frequency and dose related side effects. Twelve formulations were developed with varying concentrations of polymers like Carbopol 934P, HPMCK4M and Sodium CMC. The gels were tested for clarity, Homogeneity, Spreadability, Extrudability, Viscosity, surface pH, drug Content uniformity, in-vitro drug diffusion study and ex-vivo permeation study using rat abdominal skin. FTIR studies showed no evidence on interactions between drug, polymers and excipients. The best in-vitro drug release profile was achieved with the formulation F4 containing 0.5 mg of exhibited 6 hr drug release i.e. 98.68 % with desired therapeutic concentration which contains the drug and Carbopol 934p in the ratio of 1:2. The surface pH, drug content and viscosity of the formulation F4 was found to be 6.27, 101.3% and 3, 10,000cps respectively. The drug permeation from formulation F4 was slow and steady and 0.89gm of tacrolimus could permeate through the rat abdominal skin membrane with a flux of 0.071 gm hr-1 cm-2. The in-vitro release kinetics studies reveal that all formulations fit well with zero order kinetics followed by non-Fickian diffusion mechanism. Keywords: Transdermal gel, Viscosity, In-vitro drug release, In-vitro drug release kinetics study, Ex-vivo permeation stud